du produces different results depending on file system, block size, ... . After scouring the man pages I'm coming up empty. How can the intelligence of a super-intelligent person be assessed? Which languages have different words for "maternal uncle" and "paternal uncle"? Use unit suffixes: Byte, Kibibyte (KiB), Mebibyte (MiB), Gibibyte (GiB), Tebibyte (TiB) and Pebibyte (PiB). How can I update values based on the value from the previous day? ncdu non-interactive usage. is there a way to preserve color using this answer? Shows resource usage of ALL processes, even those that are closed/completed. do not ignore entries starting with . It took me a while to realise Nautilus sends the deleted files to its Trash folder, and that folder is not listed in du -sh * command. ディスク容量の内訳を確認 du -h -d 1 for maximum depth of 1. ), 100 Top Server Monitoring & APM Solutions, 90 Commands frequently used by Linux Sysadmins, Choosing the Best Linux Distro for Desktop, “MySQL server has gone away” error – Solution(s), Almost Always Add Swap Space | Part 2 (ZRAM), atop for Linux server performance analysis, How to Securely Copy Files Using SCP examples, © 2021 Hayden James. We give it the output of du -hs -- "$@" | cut -f1 as the first file (input stream really) and the output of ls -ld -- "$@" as the second file. That is, get the full path of a specific file/folder. Given two input files, it puts them side by side, with a tab as separator. Also for anyone on mac this works brilliantly if you remove, @anon58192932 You can ask a question relating to mac, I'm sure there is someone who could help. This developer built a…. rev 2021.3.12.38768, Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Programming & related technical career opportunities, Recruit tech talent & build your employer brand, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Term to describe paradox where those with less subject matter expertise can sometimes make better teachers? sudo du -hDaxd1 /var | sort -h | tail -n10. t - threshold size. place in init script like .bashrc ... adjust def as needed. It may happen that the size of the files is different, e.g. Physical explanation for a permanent rainbow, Probability of winning a coin toss game with a disadvantage. Will add or remove columns as the size of the display window changes. Finally, there are two ways to install LuaRocks. manual: https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu/man. Does either 'messy' or 'untidy' necessarily imply 'dirty'? Example 1 - shows only the file sizes in a directory: Example 2 - shows the file sizes and subdirectories in directory: just a warning, if you want to compare sizes of files. To active it a subscription use the Subscription Pool ID, but be aware that when purchase one, it is valid for a specified period of time, so make sure you buy a new period of time before expiring.Because this system is for tests, I only use the 30 Day Self-Supported RHEL free subscription. Monitors threads within processes & ignores processes that are unused. (Equivalent to -d 0), -h: "Human-readable" output. This way, you can first export only once, which can take hours, and then explore the files, quit, explore again, etc. Some prefer htop and previously I mentioned iotop for use with storage read/write monitoring. In the function, "$@" will evaluate to the list of all command line arguments, each in double quotes. (BASE2). 4. This awesome CLI utility allows you to easily find the large files and directories (recursive total size) interactively. In contrast, ls will only give list files in the specified directory. It will therefore understand globbing characters and path names with spaces etc. Without these, saying duls -l would confuse du and any option for du that ls doesn't have would confuse ls (and the options that exist in both utilities might not mean the same thing, and it would be a pretty mess). To get a clear picture of where space goes, @Sebi -h is not a valid parameter for sort on a Mac unfortunately, any way to sort this output? (Average of 1 or 2 emails per month, sent only on Mondays. (debian系) apt install ncdu (redhat系) yum install ncdu; 現在のディスク容量の確認 全体のディスク容量を確認. Since Linux filenames can have newlines or blank spaces, we use null character to delimit file/directory names. The United States Navy uses special acronyms to indicate important information in an efficient, speedy manner. Another cool feature of ncdu is that you can first dump the sizes in a JSON format, and later reuse them. List Red Hat Subscriptions. Reply The command will not accept command line flags. Linux: ncdu and mc to manage large directories, du – estimate and summarize file and directory space usage on Linux. February 15, 2019 by Hayden James, in Blog Linux. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. c – revert to sorting by cpu consumption (default). Helpful when looking to clear space.. df -h [root@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 6.0G 4.1G 1.6G 73% / tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm. -t sort by modification time, newest first, -r, --reverse The output format is just JSON, so it is easy to reuse it with other programs as well, e.g. This has been tested in both bash and in ksh93. We’re all familiar with top, a real-time system monitor. The -k flag gives you output in kilobytes, rather than the du default of disk sectors (512-byte blocks). comparing the same directory on your local hard-disk and a USB mass storage device. The advantage of this method is that LuaRocks can be updated in the future by asking LuaRocks to update itself: “luarocks install luarocks“. Does a sufficient statistic imply the existence of a conjugate prior? To list the largest directories from the current directory in human readable format: A better way to restrict number of rows can be, Where you can increase the suffix of -n flag to restrict the number of rows listed, The command you want is 'du -sk' du = "disk usage". Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. To display current directory's files and subdirectories sizes recursively: To display the same size information but without printing their sub directories recursively (which can be a huge list), just use the --max-depth option: These are all great suggestions, but the one I use is: -ksh makes sure the files and folders are listed in a human-readable format and in megabytes, kilobytes, etc. List all directories sorted by size in descending order, Recursively list all files in a directory including files in symlink directories. Another cool feature of ncdu is that you can first dump the sizes in a JSON format, and later reuse them. Instead of using a script I added the -b flag to the du which counts the size in bytes and as far as I can determine eliminated the differences on the two servers. Using ls to list directories and their total sizes, why is the output of `du` often so different from `du -b`, https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/67806/how-to-recursively-find-the-amount-stored-in-directory/67808, https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/125429/tracking-down-where-disk-space-has-gone-on-linux, https://askubuntu.com/questions/57603/how-to-list-recursive-file-sizes-of-files-and-directories-in-a-directory, https://serverfault.com/questions/43296/how-does-one-find-which-files-are-taking-up-80-of-the-space-on-a-linux-webserve, https://www.swiftforensics.com/2019/10/macos-1015-volumes-firmlink-magic.html, State of the Stack: a new quarterly update on community and product, Podcast 320: Covid vaccine websites are frustrating. But you can limit this to a specific time window using beginning “-b” and end “-e” flags: As you can see, it’s easy to effectively use atop for Linux server performance analysis. top, htop, nmon, net-tools, iptraf, collectl, glances, iostat and vmstat. Includes disk I/O and network utilization. Also, I'll notify you when new Linux articles are published. (ls -R gives you recursive behavior.). The result in in bytes taking all sub directories into account. Privacy Policy, Terms. update: I didnt like the previous one because it didn't show files in the current directory, it only listed directories. To activate a subscription use … du have another useful option: -S, --separate-dirs telling du not include size of subdirectories - handy on some occasions. I agree, ncdu is the way to go... but do you know if it is possible to search the JSON file? By default du will recursively give you the disk usage of each sub-directory. atop -r /var/log/atop/atop_20140813) then use t to go forward in 10 minute intervals and T to go back. Other advantages include: Once atop is launched, by default, it will show system activity for CPU, memory, swap, disks and network in 10 second intervals. This can be added once v1.55 or later is in use everywhere. Connect: Twitter, Linkedin, Newsletter. I suggest the “bootstrapping” method, which installs LuaRocks as a Lua rock. The -s flag will only list things in the top level directory (i.e., the current directory, by default, or the directory specified on the command line). It's odd that du has the opposite behavior of ls in this regard. >_, atop – For Linux server performance analysis, MySQL Database Performance: Avoid this common mistake, Raspberry Pi Performance: Add ZRAM and these Kernel Parameters. -s: Display a summary for each specified file. How to travel to this tower with a gorgeous view toward Mount Fuji? Once atop is running, press the following shortcut keys to sort processes: By default after install the atop daemon writes snapshots to a compressed log file (eg. How can I use xargs to copy files that have spaces and quotes in their names? Retrieve only the size in bytes, from ls. If I put 10 1 byte files in a machine using 4096 bytes blocks and 10 1 byte file in a machine using 2048 bytes blocks, du -h would report ~40k and ~20k respectively. : otherwise it seemed to go into some link infinite loop, likely due to: https://www.swiftforensics.com/2019/10/macos-1015-volumes-firmlink-magic.html. du -sk * | sort -n will sort the folders by size. How do a transform simple object to have a concave shape. screenshots: https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu/scr Rclone has powerful cloud equivalents to the unix commands rsync, cp, mv, mount, ls, ncdu, tree, rm, and cat. Lets looks at another popular tool for Linux server performance analysis… You can increase the directory depth level by increasing … If you want to know the size of all the files in a directory, for each directory you can do something like: This would give you the total size of all the files in a directory. "Total disk usage" vs "Apparent size" is analogous to du, and I have explained it at: why is the output of `du` often so different from `du -b`, Project homepage: https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu. -a, --all See: RedHat solution #308983. How do the likely/unlikely macros in the Linux kernel work and what is their benefit? How to list the size of each file and directory and sort by descending size in Bash? Is it possible to use ls in Unix to list the total size of a sub-directory and all its contents as opposed to the usual 4K that (I assume) is just the directory file itself? What could a getaway driver be charged with? The only downside to this command is that the computer does not know that Gigabyte is bigger than Megabyte so it will only sort by numbers and you will often find listings like this: This command also works on the Mac (whereas sort -h does not for example). So, just wanted to share this, in case somebody faced the same problem. a – sort in order of most active resource. If you want more control over the size that you want to list the directories over, you can use the threshold (-t) switch as in: du - disk usage Why is non-relativistic quantum mechanics used in nuclear physics? The largest sub-directories will be displayed on the top. Serving your blog from full-page-cache CDN locations, PHP Performance: Additional CPU cores vs Faster CPU cores. Do I have to relinquish my sign on and passwords for websites pertaining to work (ie: access to insurance companies and medicare)? Short form. Tried this on the root directory, it still tries to list subdirectories, resulting in a lot of messages. How to list directory size of all child directories? What CentOS alternative distro should you choose? This question is tagged as GNU/. try ncdu! How can I generate a list of files with their absolute path in Linux? - Subscribe now and receive my free PDF. KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB (powers of 1000). How to recursively find and list the latest modified files in a directory with subdirectories and times, Find and replace with sed in directory and sub directories, Cutting the videos based on start and end time using ffmpeg, Bash: How to parse a log file that contains the output of ls -ltr using bash script to extract the file names that are modified before specific time. du --max-depth 1 only shows file/folder sizes of 1 deep in the tree, no more clutter and easy to find large folders within a folder. We sort the files/directories by their size. For a while, I used Nautilus (on Gnome desktop on RHEL 6.0) to delete files on my home folder instead of using the rm command in bash. You can use shortcuts with atopsar. For example, from inside the root of a well known open source project we do: Then, I enter down and right on my keyboard to go into the /drivers folder, and I see: ncdu only calculates file sizes recursively once at startup for the entire tree, so it is efficient. For example, using the flag “-c 30 5” with atopsar will generate a report for current CPU utilization for 5 minutes (ten times with intervals of 30 seconds): Using the flag -A with return all available reports. If you have privileges to install binarys on your system time and are frequently going to be looking at your disk usage ncdu is an extreemly fast ncurses tool for exploring disk usage and much easier to use than du! First install and enable EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) repo. Different machines can use different block sizes, so on one machine a block could be 4096 bytes and another machine could contain block sizes of 2048. Then you will be able to get all sizes folders over all your server. append / indicator to directories, -R, --recursive I ran into an issue similar to what Martin Wilde described, in my case comparing the same directory on two different servers after mirroring with rsync. In addition, for each process and thread you can analyse CPU utilization, memory consumption, disk I/O, priority, username, state, and even exit codes. I decided to put the du output on the left, otherwise I would have had to manage a wobbly right column (due to varying lengths of file names). Lets looks at another popular tool for Linux server performance analysis: atop. list subdirectories recursively, https://explainshell.com/explain?cmd=ls+-ltrapR. Accumulates resource usage for all processes and users with the same name. To do so, use -k for kilobytes, -m for megabytes $ du -k ostechnix/ $ du -m ostechnix/ To find out which sub-directories consume how much disk size, use this command: $ du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -hr. h - human readable format Then you sort them numerically and reverse the sort so it puts the bigger ones first. One feature I really like is that atop will stay active in the background for long-term server analysis (up to 28 days by default). @FGV I don't think ncdu can output that, one possibility would be to hack up a simple python script that parses the JSON. It should not be considered an answer on it's own. We’re all familiar with top, a real-time system monitor. I use MinGW for this on my Win platforms. This ISS trash deployment looks more like 2 feet than 2 inches per second, was it too fast or are these articles incorrect? You will have to use your own App (setting your own client_id and client_secret) to use this option as currently rclone's default set of permissions doesn't include "members.read". site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Your command lists all the individual file sizes (including directory files) but not the total size of the contents of the directories. -p, --indicator-style=slash This is very useful if you are dealing with a very large and slow filesystem like NFS. this should be a comment, providing additional info to the more correct and better explained accepted answer by @molf. Is there any reason to use F flat in notating this blues riff (jazz)? Units that are described in wiki follows: K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or How is a person residing abroad subject to US law? reverse order while sorting. You can analyse specific times by pressing b then entering the time. Some prefer htop and previously I mentioned iotop for use with storage read/write monitoring. Rclone's familiar syntax includes shell pipeline support, and --dry-run protection. : reveals a simple directory tree data structure: I always use du -sk (-k flag showing file size in kilobytes) instead. /var/log/atop/atop_20140813). browning meat in Dutch oven--why doesn't it work for me? It is important to note here that du gives you disk usage. This will be displayed in human readable format. Should we ask ambiguous questions on an exam? Once installed on any distro, you can launch it similar to top using: A good place to start would be to read the man pages: Launch with average-per-second total values: Launch with various info (ppid, user, time). As a result, the total size shown by, did not match the sum of disk usage of each sub-directory, when I used. it's what the question itself states - "Is it possible to use ls in Unix to list the total size of a sub-directory and all its contents as opposed to the usual 4K that (I assume) is just the directory file itself?" PHP 8 Compatibility Check and Performance Tips. use SIZE-byte blocks -b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1' -c, --total produce a grand total -D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line --files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; If F is - then read names from standard … For example, to generate the file run: ncdu -o ncdu.json and then examine it interactively with: ncdu -f ncdu.json This is very useful if you are dealing with a very large and slow filesystem like NFS. Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and build your career. atop – For Linux server performance analysis March 4, 2020 by Hayden James, in Blog Linux. Linux server performance: Is disk I/O slowing your application? To properly list root / on that system, I also needed --exclude-firmlinks, e.g. The cut after du simply cuts out the first column of the du -hs output (the sizes). These log files can be read using: Once you open a log file (eg. Easy to help to you to find the biggest sizes. Atop is an ASCII full-screen performance monitor which can log and report the activity of all server processes. Here, we want to list all directories which are greater than 1GB in size. Highlights critical resources using colors (red). The above shortcut keys also work in this mode… a, c, d, m,n. I use the following script, including ls to sum up the directory size. It will not work with /bin/sh. By establishing acronyms that symbolize important phrases, Navy personnel can share information faster and be more precise with a standardized vocabulary. Put this shell function declaration in your shell initialization scripts: I called it duls because it shows the output from both du and ls (in that order): The paste utility creates columns from its input according to the specification that you give it. It is used at the command line, in scripts or via its API. The double minuses (--) signals the end of command line options to du and ls. How to list the files and folders in a directory with its total size in Linux? If your Linux server is bogged down, your first step is often to use the TOP command in terminal to check load averages and wisely so. You still can use -s -h to get a comprehensible output.